Impacto de un Programa de Recuperación Funcional en Músculos Ventilatorios y Apendiculares en Pacientes Post-ventilación Mecánica por COVID-19 / Impact of a Functional Recovery Program on Ventilatory and Appendicular Muscles in Patients Post-mechanical Ventilation for COVID-19

Los pacientes con COVID-19 subsidiarios de ventilación mecánica (VM), evolucionan con consecuencias funcionales en la musculatura ventilatoria y apendicular que no necesariamente se abordan de manera diferenciada. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el impacto de un programa de recuperación funcional en estos pacientes y determinar si las intervenciones afectan de manera diferenciada a las funciones ventilatorias y musculatura apendicular, utilizando pruebas de bajo costo. Se evaluaron 47 pacientes con COVID-19 que estuvieron en VM. Posterior a una espirometría basal se les realizó; presión inspiratoria máxima (PIMáx), fuerza de prensión palmar (FPP), prueba de pararse y sentarse (PPS) y Prueba de caminata en 6 minutos (PC6m), antes y después del plan de intervención. Este programa incluyó ejercicios aeróbicos y de fuerza supervisados por dos sesiones semanales de 60 minutos durante 3 meses. Después del programa, se observaron mejoras significativas en la capacidad vital forzada (CVF), el volumen espiratorio en el primer segundo (VEF1) y la PIMáx. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre estas mediciones y la distancia recorrida de la PC6m, la FPP y la PPS. En conclusión, el programa de recuperación funcional en pacientes con COVID-19 que requirieron VM, beneficia tanto la función ventilatoria como la fuerza muscular apendicular. Las pruebas de fuerza muscular apendicular pueden ser útiles para evaluar la recuperación ya que pueden entregar información diferenciada de sus rendimientos. Por último, se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor la respuesta de estos pacientes a la rehabilitación.

SUMMARY: Patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) evolve with functional consequences in the ventilatory and appendicular muscles that are not necessarily addressed in a differentiated manner. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of a functional recovery program in these patients and determine if the interventions differentially affect ventilatory functions and appendicular muscles, using low- cost tests. 47 patients with COVID-19 who were on MV were evaluated. After a baseline spirometry, they were performed; maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), handgrip strength (HGS), sit to stand test (STST) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT), before and after the intervention plan. This program included supervised aerobic and strength exercises for two weekly 60-minute sessions for 3 months. After the program, significant improvements were observed in forced vital capacity (FVC), expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and MIP. Significant relationships were found between these measurements and the distance traveled of the 6MWT, the HGS and the STST. In conclusion, the functional recovery program in patients with COVID-19 who required MV benefits both ventilatory function and appendicular muscle strength. Appendicular muscle strength tests can be useful to evaluate recovery since they can provide differentiated information about your performances. Finally, more research is needed to better understand the response of these patients to rehabilitation.

Cambios en el índice de stress y presión inspiratoria pico posterior a neumoperitoneo en colecistectomía laparoscópica / Changes in Stress Index and Peak Inspiratory Pressure after Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Introducción: es bien sabido que el neumoperitoneo en cirugía laparoscópica afecta tanto al sistema cardiovascular como al sistema respiratorio, pero no se entiende por completo el grado en el que debemos modificar los parámetros ventilatorios para mini-mizar las complicaciones debido a la insuflación del neumoperitoneo. Estos cambios in-cluyen disminución de la distensibilidad y mayores presiones inspiratorias pico.

Abstract Background: it is well known that pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery affects both cardiovascular and respiratory system, but it is not fully understood yet the degree in which we have to make changes in the ventilatory settings to minimize the complica-tions due to insufflation of peritoneum, changes including impaired compliance and hig-her peak inspiratory.

Effects of home-based inspiratory muscle training on sickle cell disease (SCD) patients

ABSTRACT Introduction: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been shown to be an efficient method of improving exercise tolerance and inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength in several diseases. The effects of IMT on patients with sickle cell anemia (SCD) are relatively unknown. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of IMT on adult SCD patients, regarding respiratory muscle strength (RMS) variables, lung function, exercise tolerance, blood lactation concentration, limitation imposed by dyspnea during daily activities and impact of fatigue on the quality of life. Methods: This was a randomized single-blind study, with an IMT design comprising true load (TG) and sham load (SG) groups. Initial assessment included spirometry, volumetric capnography (VCap) and measurement of RMS by maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (PImax and PEmax). The Medical Research Council dyspnea scale and modified fatigue impact scale were also applied and blood lactate concentration was measured before and after the 6-minute walk test. After this initial assessment, the patient used the IMT device at home daily, returning every 6 weeks for RMS reassessment. Both groups used the same device and were unaware of which group they were in. After a period totaling 18 weeks, patients underwent the final evaluation, as initially performed. Results: Twenty-five patients in total participated until the end of the study (median age 42 years). There were no significant differences between TG and SG based on age, sex, body mass index or severity of genotype. At the end of the training, both groups showed a significant increase in PEmax and PImax, improvement in Vcap and in exercise tolerance and dyspnea reduction while performing daily life activities. The same was observed in patients grouped according to disease severity (HbSS and HbSβ0 vs HbSC and HbSβ+), without differences between groups. Conclusion: Home-based inspiratory muscle training benefits outpatients with SCD, including the sham load group. Trial registration:http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br; registration number: RBR-6g8n92.

Respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity of children and adolescents with chronic liver diseases / Força muscular respiratória e capacidade de exercício de crianças e adolescentes com hepatopatias crônicas

Introdution: Chronic liver diseases are characterized by inflammatory and fibrotic lesions of the liver that cause systemic complications. These complications can negatively interfere with the respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity of developing children and adolescents. Objectives: to compare respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity in children and adolescents with chronic hepatopathy, using predicted values from healthy individuals of the same age. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was performed. Children and adolescents from 6 to 16 years old with chronic hepatopathies were included. For the evaluation of respiratory muscle strength, the maximal respiratory pressures were measured through manovacuometry. A six-minute walk test was used to assess exercise capacity. The Wilcoxon test was used to verify the difference between the evaluated and predicted values of the distance traveled. Results: In total, 40 subjects were analyzed; 57.5% of the subjects were female, and the subjects had a mean age of 11.68±2.82 years. In the comparison between the measured and predicted maximal respiratory pressures, a median (IQR) difference of -21,47 (33-95) cmH2O (p< 0.001) was found for the maximal inspiratory pressure, and a mean difference of 30.68±17,16 cmH2O (p< 0.001) was found for the maximal expiratory pressure. Regarding exercise capacity, the measured average distance traveled was 346.46±49.21 m, which was 185.54±63,90 m (p< 0.001) less than the predicted value. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with chronic liver disease have reduced respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity.

Introdução: as doenças hepáticas crônicas são caracterizadas por lesões inflamatórias e fibróticas do fígado que causam complicações sistêmicas. Essas complicações podem interferir negativamente na força muscular respiratória e na capacidade de exercício de crianças e adolescentes em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: comparar a força muscular respiratória e a capacidade de exercício em crianças e adolescentes com hepatopatia crônica, utilizando valores preditos de indivíduos saudáveis da mesma idade. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram incluídas crianças e adolescentes de 6 a 16 anos com hepatopatias crônicas. Para a avaliação da força muscular respiratória, as pressões respiratórias máximas foram medidas por meio da manovacuometria. Teste de caminhada de seis minutos foi usado para avaliar a capacidade de exercício. O teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado para verificar a diferença entre os valores avaliados e previstos da distância percorrida. Resultados: no total, 40 sujeitos foram analisados; 57,5% dos sujeitos eram do sexo feminino, idade média de 11,68±2,82 anos. Na comparação entre as pressões respiratórias máximas medidas e previstas, foi encontrada diferença mediana (IQ) de -21,47 (33-95) cmH2O (p<0,001) para a pressão inspiratória máxima e diferença média de 30,68±17,16 cmH2O (p<0,001) para a pressão expiratória máxima. Em relação à capacidade de exercício, a distância média percorrida foi 346,46±49,21 m, média 185,54±63,90 m (p<0,001) inferior ao valor previsto. Conclusão: crianças e adolescentes com doença hepática crônica apresentam redução da função muscular respiratória e da capacidade de exercício.

Inspiratory Muscle Weakness is Related to Poor Short-Term Outcomes for Heart Transplantation

Abstract Introduction: In heart transplantation (HT) recipients, several factors are critical to promptly adopting appropriate rehabilitation strategies and may be important to predict outcomes way after surgery. This study aimed to determine preoperative patient-related risk factors that could adversely affect the postoperative clinical course of patients undergoing HT. Methods: Twenty-one hospitalized patients with heart failure undergoing HT were evaluated according to respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity before HT. Mechanical ventilation (MV) time, reintubation rate, and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay were recorded, and assessed postoperatively. Results: Inspiratory muscle strength as absolute and percentpredicted values were strongly correlated with MV time (r=-0.61 and r=-0.70, respectively, at P<0.001). Concerning ICU length of stay, only maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) absolute and percent-predicted values were significantly associated. The absolute -MIP- was significantly negatively correlated with ICU length of stay (r=-0.58 at P=0.006) and the percent-predicted MIP was also significantly negatively correlated with ICU length of stay (r=-0.68 at P=0.0007). No associations were observed between preoperative functional capacity, age, sex, and clinical characteristics and MV time and ICU length of stay in the cohort included in this study. Patients with respiratory muscle weakness had a higher prevalence of prolonged MV, reintubation, and delayed ICU length of stay. Conclusion: An impairment of preoperative MIP was associated with poorer short-term outcomes following HT. As such, inspiratory muscle strength is an important clinical preoperative marker in patients undergoing HT.

Pressões respiratórias máximas em indivíduos obesos antes e após cirurgia bariátrica / Maximum respiratory pressure in obese individuals before and after bariatric surgery

A obesidade é uma doença crônica e multifatorial que leva a alterações sistêmicas e é considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial. Entre as alterações respiratórias decorrentes da obesidade se discute como o ganho de peso ou a perda deste pode interferir nas pressões respiratórias máximas (PRM), não existindo consenso na literatura. Objetivo: Analisar o poder preditivo das equações de referência para PMR em obesos antes e após perda de peso. Métodos: Estudo transversal no qual foram incluídos vinte pacientes obesos dos Programas de Cirurgia Bariátrica de hospitais de referência em Manaus/Amazonas, que tiveram as PRM avaliadas por meio de manuvacuometria antes e aproximadamente um ano e meio após a cirurgia bariátrica. Resultados: O peso médio diminuiu de 138,5 ± 21,7 kg para 82,7 ± 8,2 kg após a cirurgia. As PRM foram supranormais antes da cirurgia e reduzidas após a cirurgia. Entre as equações analisadas, apenas as propostas por Sanchez et al. foram capazes de predizer os valores medidos. Conclusão: As PRM foram aumentadas nos obesos mórbidos avaliados e reduzidas após a cirurgia. As equações mais utilizadas na prática clínica brasileira parecem não ser capazes de predizer valores de PRM nessa população, sendo as mais adequadas as propostas por Sanchez et al. (AU)

Obesity is a chronic and multifactorial disease and is considered a global public health problem. Among the respiratory changes due to obesity, weight gain or loss of body weight can interfere with maximal respiratory pressures, and there is no consensus in the literature. Objective: To analyze the predictive power of the reference equations for maximal respiratory pressures in obese before and after weight loss. Methods: A crosssectional study was carried out in which 20 obese patients were included in the Bariatric Surgery Programs of reference hospitals in Manaus/Amazonas. The maximal respiratory pressures were assessed by manuvacuometry before and approximately one year after bariatric surgery. Results: The mean weight decreased from 138.5 ± 21.7 kg to 82.7 ± 8.2 kg after surgery. The maximal respiratory pressures were supranormal before surgery and reduced after surgery. Among the analyzed equations, only those proposed by Sanchez et al. were able to predict the measured values. Conclusion: The maximal respiratory pressures were increased in the morbidly obese evaluated and reduced after the surgery. The most used equations in Brazilian clinical practice seem not to be able to predict maximal respiratory pressures values in this population, being the most adequate those proposed by Sanchez et al. (AU)

Uso da eletromiografia de superfície na resultância do treinamento muscular inspiratório com carga linear em portadores do vírus linfotrópico humano tipo 1 / Use of surface electromyography in results of inspiratory muscle training with linear load in patients with type 1 human lymphotropic virus

Este estudo visa avaliar por eletromiografia de superfície o comportamento dos músculos inspiratórios no treinamento muscular em voluntários com vírus linfotrópico de célula T humana do tipo 1. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico. Sete voluntários, com idade 58,85 ± 7,2) anos, realizaram treinamento muscular inspiratório domiciliar por 4 semanas, 3 vezes por semana, 30 minutos diários por meio de incentivador de carga linear. Para avaliação utilizou-se os dados de pressão inspiratória máxima e os dados da eletromiografia de superfície nas fases pré (T0), segunda semana (T2) e após a quarta semana (T4) de treinamento. Observou-se aumento progressivo da força muscular inspiratória de T0 a T4 (p = 0,007), assim como, aumento do recrutamento das unidades motoras pela análise da amplitude do sinal eletromiográfico, sendo mais evidente para o músculo esternocleidomastóideo (p = 0,12) em comparação ao músculo diafragma (p = 0,6). Verificou-se que no decurso do treinamento muscular ocorreu melhora significativa da força muscular inspiratória com maior recrutamento das fibras musculares dos músculos analisados na amostra. (AU)

This study aimed to evaluate by surface electromyography the behavior of inspiratory muscles in the muscle training of volunteers with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. This was a clinical trial. Seven volunteers, 58,85 ± 7.21 years old, underwent inspiratory muscle training at home for 4 weeks, 3 times a week, 30 minutes daily by means of a linear load stimulator. The maximum inspiratory pressure data and the surface electromyography data were used for evaluation in the pre (T0), second week (T2) and after the fourth week (T4) training phases. There was a progressive increase in inspiratory muscle strength from T0 to T4 (p = 0.007), as well as an increase in the recruitment of motor units by analyzing the amplitude of the electromyographic signal, being more evident for the sternocleidomastoid muscle (p = 0.12) in comparison to the diaphragm muscle (p = 0.6). During the muscle training inspiratory muscle strength improves with greater recruitment of muscle fibers from the muscles analyzed in the sample. (AU)

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Using an Electronic Device on Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background Cardiac surgery causes pathophysiological changes that favor the occurrence of pulmonary and functional complications. Objective To investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with an electronic device on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. A control group (CG) received conventional physical therapy care, and an intervention group (IG) received IMT using the POWERbreathe K5® electronic device. Two daily sessions of physical therapy were performed at the intensive care unit and one daily session at the ward until the sixth postoperative day. The following variables were measured preoperatively and on the sixth postoperative day, in both groups: inspiratory muscle strength, dynamic inspiratory muscle strength, and peak inspiratory flow. Data distribution was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Analysis of variance was used, and the results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results Maximal inspiratory pressure (71.7 ± 17.1 cmH2O vs 63.3 ± 21.3 cmH2O; p = 0.11], S-index (52.61 ± 18.61 vs 51.08 ± 20.71), and peak inspiratory flow [(2.94 ± 1.09 vs 2.79 ± 1.26)] were maintained in the IG but had a significant reduction in the CG. Conclusion IMT performed with an electronic device was effective at maintaining inspiratory muscle strength, dynamic inspiratory muscle strength, and peak inspiratory flow when compared to conventional physical therapy. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

Respiratory muscle impairment evaluated with mep/mip ratio in children and adolescents with chronic respiratory disease / Fraqueza muscular respiratória avaliada por meio da relação pemax/pimax em crianças com doença respiratória crônica

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the strength of respiratory muscles and to compare maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure and MEP/MIP ratio between patients with chronic respiratory diseases and healthy individuals. Methods: Case-control study. Individuals with neuromuscular disease and post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans were considered. In addition, they were also matched according to anthropometric and demographic characteristics with healthy children and adolescents. MIP, MEP in the three groups, and pulmonary function only in patients with chronic respiratory diseases were recorded. Results: A total of 52 subjects with CRD (25 with neuromuscular disease, and 27 with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans) and 85 healthy individuals were included, with an average age of 11.3±2.1 years. Patients with neuromuscular disease and post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans presented lower MIP and MEP when compared with healthy individuals, although MEP/MIP ratio was lower in patients with neuromuscular disease (0.87±0.3) and higher in patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (1.1±0.3) compared to the healthy group (0.97±0.2). Only in patients with neuromuscular disease a negative correlation was observed between MEP/MIP ratio and age (r=-0.50; p=0.01). Conclusions: Differences in the pattern of muscular weakness between patients with chronic respiratory diseases were observed. In patients with neuromuscular disease, a decrease in the MEP/MIP ratio depending on MIP was verified; and in those patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans, an increase in the MEP/MIP ratio depending on MIP was also observed.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a força dos músculos respiratórios e comparar a relação entre a pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx) e a pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) em pacientes com doença respiratória crônica (DRC) e crianças saudáveis. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle. Foram selecionados indivíduos com doença neuromuscular e bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa. Ademais, os grupos foram pareados com crianças e adolescentes saudáveis, considerando características antropométricas e demográficas. Foram registradas a PImáx e a PEmáx nos três grupos e a função pulmonar apenas em pacientes com doença respiratória crônica. Resultados: Foram incluídos 52 indivíduos com DRC (25 com doença neuromuscular e 27 com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa) e 85 indivíduos saudáveis, com idade média de 11,3±2,1 anos. Pacientes com doença neuromuscular e bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa apresentaram menor PImáx e PEmáx em comparação aos indivíduos saudáveis, embora a relação PEmáx/PImáx tenha sido menor nos pacientes com doença neuromuscular (0,87±0,3) e maior nos pacientes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa (1,1±0,3) em comparação ao grupo saudável (0,97±0,2). Somente em pacientes com doença neuromuscular foi observada uma correlação negativa entre a razão PEmáx/PImáx e a idade (r=-0,50; p=0,01). Conclusões: Foram observadas diferenças no padrão de fraqueza muscular em pacientes com doença respiratória crônica. Nos pacientes com doença neuromuscular, verificou-se diminuição na relação PEmáx/PImáx dependendo da PImáx; em pacientes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa, foi observado aumento na relação dependendo da PImáx.

Inspiratory muscle training based on anaerobic threshold on the functional capacity of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting: clinical trial

Abstract Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with reduced ventilatory muscle strength and consequent worsening of functional capacity (FC). Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) can be indicated, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the use of the anaerobic threshold (AT) as a basis for prescription. The objective of this study is to evaluate if IMT based on AT modifies FC and inspiratory muscle strength of patients submitted to CABG. Methods: This is a clinical trial. On the first postoperative day, the patients were divided into two groups: the conventional group (IMT-C), which performed IMT based on 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and the IMT-AT group, which performed IMT based on AT. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative assessment of MIP and performed a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: Forty-two patients were evaluated, 21 in each group. Their mean age was 61.4±10 years and 27 (64%) of them were male. There was a reduction of inspiratory muscle strength with a delta of 23±13 cmH2O in the IMT-C group vs. 11±10 cmH2O in the IMT-AT group (P<0.01) and of the walking distance with a delta of 94±34 meters in the IMT-C group vs. 57±30 meters in the IMT-AT group (P=0.04). Conclusion: IMT based on AT minimized the loss of FC and inspiratory muscle strength of patients submitted to CABG.

Concurrent validity of the static and dynamic measures of inspiratory muscle strength: comparison between maximal inspiratory pressure and s-index

Abstract Objective: To verify the concurrent validity between the inspiratory muscle strength (IMS) values obtained in static (maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP]) and dynamic (S-Index) assessments. Methods: Healthy individuals were submitted to two periods of evaluation: i) MIP, static maneuver to obtain IMS, determined by the Mueller's maneuver from residual volume (RV) until total lung capacity (TLC); ii) and S-Index, inspiration against open airway starting from RV until TLC. Both measures were performed by the same evaluator and the subjects received the same instructions. Isolated maneuvers with differences < 10% were considered as reproducible measures. Results: Data from 45 subjects (21 males) were analyzed and that showed statistical difference between MIP and S-Index values (133.5 ± 33.3 and 125.6 ± 32.2 in cmH2O, respectively), with P=0.014. Linear regression showed r2=0.54 and S-Index prediction formula = 39.8+(0.75×MIP). Pearson's correlation demonstrated a strong and significant association between the measures with r=0.74. The measurements showed good concordance evidenced by the Bland-Altman test. Conclusion: S-Index and MIP do not present similar values since they are evaluations of different events of the muscular contraction. However, they have a strong correlation and good agreement, which indicate that both are able to evaluate the IMS of healthy individuals.

Relationship between handgrip strength and pulmonary capacity in patients on hemodialysis / Relação entre a força de preensão manual e a capacidade pulmonar de pacientes em hemodiálise

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as loss of kidney function, but its progression leads to systemic changes that compromise the quality of life of patients on dialysis. As such, the decline in lung capacity in this population may be one of the factors related to reduced peripheral muscle strength. Objective: Assess the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS), pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in patients with CKD on hemodialysis. Method: Thirty patients with CKD were assessed in terms of anthropometric data, pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and HGS. Results: A moderate association was observed between HGS and the variables forced vital capacity (r=0.54; p=0.002), maximum voluntary ventilation (r=0.51; p=0.004) and maximum expiratory pressure (r=0.59; p=0.001), and a weak association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (r=0.46; p=0.009) and maximum inspiratory pressure (r=0.38; p=0.03). Additionally, about 67% of the sample (n=20) exhibited some degree of restrictive ventilatory defect in the pulmonary function test. With respect to muscle strength, 40% of the sample (n=12) displayed below-normal handgrip strength, as well as low mean MIP and MEP. Conclusion: Decreased lung capacity may be related to a decline in HGS in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Thus, therapeutic strategies aimed at lung expansion and respiratory muscle training may contribute to facilitating and favoring rehabilitation in this population.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é definida pela perda da função renal, contudo a sua progressão leva ao surgimento de alterações sistêmicas que comprometem a qualidade de vida dos pacientes em hemodiálise. Consequentemente, a redução da capacidade pulmonar nessa população pode ser um dos fatores que esteja relacionado ao declínio da força muscular periférica. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a força de preensão manual (FPM) com a função pulmonar e a força muscular respiratória de pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise. Método: 30 pacientes com DRC foram avaliados quanto aos dados antropométricos, função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e FPM. Resultados: Observou-se uma relação moderada da FPM com as variáveis capacidade vital forçada (r=0,54; p=0,002), ventilação voluntária máxima (r=0,51; p=0,004) e pressão expiratória máxima (r=0,59; p=0,001). Já as correlações entre a FPM com o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (r=0,46; p=0,009) e a pressão inspiratória máxima (r=0,38; p=0,03) foram fracas. Além disso, aproximadamente 67% da amostra (n=20) apresentou algum grau de restrição ventilatória na prova de função pulmonar. Em relação à força muscular, 40% da amostra (n=12) apresentou FPM abaixo do previsto de normalidade, e as médias da pressão inspiratória máxima e da pressão expiratória máxima em porcentagem também se encontraram reduzidas. Conclusão: A redução da capacidade pulmonar pode estar relacionada com o declínio da FPM nos pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise. Sendo assim, recursos terapêuticos visando à expansão pulmonar e o treinamento muscular respiratório podem ser estratégias para facilitar e favorecer a reabilitação dessa população.

Pressões inspiratória e expiratória máximas: confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores / Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures: intra- and inter-rater reliability

Introdução: Pressões estáticas ventilatórias máximas são mensuradas pelo manômetro/ manovacuômetro, expressam a força dos músculos ventilatórios em cmH2O. Objetivos: Verificar a confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores das PImáx e PEmáx. Métodos: Constituiu-se amostra randomicamente (n=70). Dois examinadores independentes, executaram três medições intradia (consistência interna) e duas interdias (estabilidade). O instrumento utilizado para medir as PImáx e PEmáx foi um manovacuômetro digital MDV®300 (MDI/Brasil) de intervalo operacional de ±300 cmH2O. Calcularam-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e o erro típico da medida, a significância adotada foi de P ≤ 0,05 e o pacote estatístico usado foi SPSS 20.0. Resultados: Consistência interna: intra examinador PImáx CCI = 0,97 e ETM(ETM%) = 6,71(6) e PEmáx CCI = 0,95 e ETM(ETM%) = 10,92(8); interexaminadores da PImáx CCI = 0,98 e ETM(ETM%) = 5,41(5) e PEmáx CCI = 0,96 e ETM(ETM%) = 8,82(7). Estabilidade: intra examinador da PImáx CCI = 0,95 e ETM (ETM%) = 7,92(7) e PEmáx CCI = 0,93 e ETM(ETM%) = 12,34(9); interexaminadores da PImáx CCI = 0,96 e ETM(ETM%) = 6,36(6) e PEmáx CCI = 0,93 e ETM(ETM%) = 11,75(9). Todas as análises estatísticas foram (P = 0,0001). Conclusão: PImáx e PEmáx têm confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores adequada à prática clínica. (AU)

Introduction: Maximal static respiratory pressures, measured using a manometer, express the strength of respiratory muscles in cmH2O. Objective: To assess the intra- and inter-rater reliability of MIP and MEP. Methods: A random sample was used (n=70). Two independent raters performed three intraday (internal consistency) and two interdays (stability) measurements. The instrument used to measure the MIP and MEP was a digital manometer MDV®300 (MDI/Brazil), with a pressure range of ±300 cmH2O. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated, the significance was P ≤ 0.05 and the statistical package used was SPSS 20.0. Results: Internal consistency: intra-rater MIP ICC = 0.97 and SEM (SEM%) = 6.71(6) e MEP ICC = 0.95 and SEM(SEM%) = 10.92(8); inter-rater MIP ICC = 0.98 and SEM(SEM%) = 5.41(5) and MEP ICC = 0.96 and SEM(SEM%) = 8.82(7). Stability: intra-rater MIP ICC = 0.95 and SEM (SEM%) = 7.92(7) and MEP ICC = 0.93 and SEM(SEM%) = 12.34(9); inter-rater MIP ICC = 0.96 and SEM(SEM%) = 6.36(6) and MEP ICC = 0.93 and SEM(SEM%) = 11.75(9). All statistical analyses were (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: MIP and MEP have adequate intra-and inter-rater reliability for clinical practice. (AU)

Correlação entre pressão plantar e força muscular respiratória / Correlation between plantar pressure and respiratory muscle strength

Existem evidências de que alterações posturais possam influenciar no funcionamento da caixa torácica. Além disso, para uma respiração adequada, é necessária boa postura e equilíbrio muscular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se existe correlação entre a pressão plantar e a força muscular respiratória, visto que ambas sofrem interferência das alterações posturais. Foram avaliados 30 funcionários de uma instituição de Ensino Superior do Médio Paraíba, com idade média de 43,43 ± 13,29 anos, subdivididos em 2 grupos: Grupo experimental (I) e Grupo Controle (II). O grupo I foi submetido a 30 sessões de treinamento muscular respiratório; e ao final da intervenção, ambos os grupos foram reavaliados. Os resultados mostraram que algumas pressões plantares sofreram interferência significativa, com p < 0,05 da força muscular respiratória (PImáx e PEmáx), após o protocolo de exercício, confirmando nossa hipótese sobre a possível associação entre a força muscular respiratória e a pressão plantar, pela correlação positiva apresentada por algumas variáveis avaliadas. (AU)

There are evidences that postural alteration may influence the functioning of the thoracic cage. However, proper breathing requires good posture and muscle balance. The present study aim was to verify whether there is correlation between a plantar pressure and respiratory muscle strength, as both suffer interference of the postural alterations. We evaluated 30 employees from an a higher Education Institution with the average age between 43,43 ± 13,29 years subdivided into two groups: Experimental group (I) and Control group (II). Group I underwent 30 sessions of respiratory muscle training and at the end of the intervention both groups were reevaluated. The results showed that some plantar pressures undergo significant interference with p < 0.05 in respiratory muscle strength (PEmáx e PEmáx) after exercise protocol confirming our hypothesis about the possible association between respiratory muscle strength and plantar pressure by the positive correlation presented by some variables evaluated. (AU)

Efecto del entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria con válvula umbral sobre la capacidad funcional en mujeres físicamente activas mayores de 60 años / Effect of inspiratory muscle training with threshold valve on functional capacity of physically active women who are older than 60 years of age

Resumen Introducción: Los cambios fisiológicos asociados al envejecimiento generan una serie de modificaciones funcionales, destacando una disminución en la capacidad respiratoria. En este sentido, una estrategia alternativa para mejorar tal condición podría ser el entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria (EMI). Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del EMI con válvula umbral, sobre la capacidad funcional en mujeres físicamente activas mayores de 60 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un EMI con válvula umbral durante 4 semanas, sobre un grupo experimental (GE; n:10), contrastado con un grupo control (GC; n:5). Se valoraron las siguientes variables hemodinámicas y antropométricas: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), lactato, doble producto y capacidad funcional, analizando los cambios pre y post entrenamiento. Resultados: en el grupo GE disminuye post intervención la concentración de lactato y la escala de percepción del esfuerzo; 3,16±0,51 a 2,5±0,39 y 5,56 ± 1,81 a 4±2, respectivamente. En el mismo grupo se incrementan los valores de presión inspiratoria máxima (Pimáx) post intervención; 42,11±14,57 a 60,44±14,47. El GC no presentó cambios en sus valores. Conclusión: No se evidencian cambios favorables en los metros recorridos post intervención, sin embargo, el EMI mostró una disminución sobre la concentración de lactato post ejercicio, lo que podría identificar un retraso en la aparición de la fatiga.

Abstract Introduction: Physiological changes associated with aging generate a series of functional modifications, mainly a decrease in respiratory capacity. In this regard, an alternative strategy to improve such a condition could be inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Objective: To analyze the effect of IMT with threshold valve on the functional capacity of physically active women who are older than 60 years of age. Materials and methods: IMT with threshold valve was carried out over a period of 4 weeks, comparing data from the experimental group (GE; n:10) to the control group (GC; n:5). The following hemodynamic and anthropometric variables were assessed: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), lactate, double product (DP) and functional capacity. Pre and post training changes were evaluated. Results: The GE group showed a decrease in both post-intervention lactate concentration (from 3.16±0.51 to 2.5±0.39) and effort perception scale (from 5.56 ± 1.81 to 4±2). On the other hand, this group experienced a post-intervention increase in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) from 42.11±14.57 to 60.44±14.47. The GC group did not present changes in its values. Conclusion: Although no evidence was found regarding favorable changes in the walked distance post-intervention, IMT induced a reduction in post-exercise lactate concentration, which could indicate a delay of onset of fatigue.

Força muscular respiratória e desempenho no Modified Shuttle Walk Test em escolares com fibrose cística / Fuerza muscular respiratoria y rendimiento en el Modified Shuttle Walk Test en escolares con fibrosis quística / Respiratory muscle strength and Modified Shuttle Walk Test performance in schoolers with cystic fibrosis

RESUMO O Modified Shuttle Walk Test (MSWT) é um teste de exercício potencialmente máximo que, associado à avaliação da força muscular respiratória (FMR), reflete a condição respiratória e a capacidade de exercício de escolares com fibrose cística (FC). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a relação entre FMR e distância percorrida (DP) no MSWT realizado por escolares com FC e comparar os dados obtidos com valores preditos na literatura. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal que incluiu escolares com FC. Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica, espirometria e FMR, utilizando as pressões inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e expiratória máxima (PEmáx) por meio da manovacuometria. Dois MSWT foram realizados, com intervalo de 30 minutos entre eles. Verificou-se a distribuição dos dados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e aplicou-se teste t pareado para comparação entre valores das avaliações e predito, bem como para comparação entre gêneros. Aplicou-se teste de Pearson para correlação entre PImáx e PEmáx e DP no MSWT. Aceitou-se significância de 5%. Participaram 28 crianças (9,9±1,9 anos) destas, 57,14% apresentaram PImáx abaixo do predito (15 crianças) e 53,57% da PEmáx (16 crianças). A média da DP foi 730,4±266,1m, abaixo do predito na literatura. Não houve relação entre DP e FMR. Identificou-se correlação moderada entre valores de PImáx e PEmáx (r=0,58 e p=0,01). Não houve relação entre FMR e desempenho no MSWT nos escolares com FC estudados. A FMR, bem como o DP no MSWT, apresentou-se abaixo do predito na literatura.

RESUMEN El Modified Shuttle Walk Test (MSWT) es una prueba de ejercicio potencialmente máxima que, asociada a la evaluación de la fuerza muscular respiratoria (FMR), refleja la condición respiratoria y la capacidad de ejercicio de escolares con fibrosis quística (FQ). El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la relación entre FMR y distancia recorrida (DP) en el MSWT realizado por escolares con FQ y comparar los datos obtenidos con valores predichos en la literatura. Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal que incluyó a los escolares con FQ. Se realizó una evaluación antropométrica, espirometría y FMR, utilizando las presiones inspiratoria máxima (PImáx) y espiratoria máxima (PEmáx) por medio de la manovacuometría. Se realizaron dos MSWT, con un intervalo de 30 minutos entre ellos. Se verificó la distribución de los datos por la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk y se aplicó una prueba t pareada para la comparación entre los valores de las evaluaciones y el predicado, así como para la comparación entre los géneros. Se aplicó una prueba de Pearson para la correlación entre PImáx y PEmáx y DP en el MSWT. Se aceptó una significación del 5%. Participaron del estudio 28 niños (9,9±1,9 años); 57,14% presentaron PImáx por debajo del pronóstico (15 niños) y 53,57% por debajo del pronóstico para PEmáx (16 niños). El promedio de la DP fue 730,4±266,1m, por debajo del predicho en la literatura. No hubo relación entre DP y FMR. Se identificó una correlación moderada entre valores de PImáx y PEmáx (r=0,58 y p=0,01). No hubo relación entre FMR y desempeño en el MSWT en los escolares con FC. La FMR, así como la DP en el MSWT, se presentó abajo del predicho en la literatura.

ABSTRACT Modified Shuttle Walk Test (MSWT) is a potentially maximal exercise test that, together with the assessment of respiratory muscle strength (RMS), reflects the respiratory condition and exercise capacity of schoolchildren with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the RMS and the performance in the MSWT by schoolchildren with CF and to compare the data obtained with the values predicted in the literature. This is a cross-sectional observational study that included schoolchildren with CF. Anthropometric evaluation, spirometry and RMS evaluation were performed, using the maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures (Globalmed MVD300® manovacuometer) (ATS/ERS) (2002). Two MSWT were performed, with an interval of 30 minutes between them. The distribution of the data by the Shapiro-Wilk test was applied and paired t-test was used to compare the values of the evaluations with those predicted, as well as for comparison between genders. Pearson test was used for correlation between MIP and MEP and the performance in the MSWT. Significance of 5% was accepted. 28 children (9.9±1.9 years) participated; 57.14% showed MIP below the predicted (15 children) and 53.57% showed MEP below the predicted (16 children). The mean performance was 730.4±266.1m, which is lower than the values predicted in the literature. No relationship between performance and RMS was observed. A moderate correlation was observed between MIP and MEP values (r=0.58, p=0.01). No relationship between the RMS and the MSWT performance was observed in schoolchildren with CF of this study. The RMS and the performance in the MSWT were below the predicted in the literature.

Disability as a determinant of fatigue in MS patients / Incapacidade como determinante da fadiga em pacientes com EM

ABSTRACT Fatigue is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Central, psychological, and peripheral factors may contribute to the occurrence of fatigue. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate potential fatigue determinants in patients with relapsing-remitting MS with a low functional impairment. Methods: We compared inflammatory markers, respiratory pressures, disability, and quality of life in 39 relapsing-remitting MS patients with and without fatigue. Results: Patients with relapsing-remitting MS with fatigue had higher Expanded Disability Status Scale scores (p = 0.002). We observed a significant association between the results of the Guy Neurological Disability Scale, the Functional Assessment of MS Quality of Life Rating Scale and the presence of fatigue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The degree of functional impairment is a determinant for the presence of fatigue in MS patients, but respiratory function and inflammatory markers are not.

RESUMO A fadiga é um dos sintomas mais frequentes e incapacitantes na esclerose múltipla (EM). Fatores centrais, psicológicos e periféricos podem contribuir para a ocorrência de fadiga. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar potenciais determinantes de fadiga em pacientes com EM remitente-recorrente (EMRR) com baixo nível de incapacidade funcional. Métodos: Foram comparados marcadores inflamatórios, pressões respiratórias, incapacidade e qualidade de vida em 39 pacientes com EMRR com e sem fadiga. Resultados: Pacientes com EMRR com fadiga apresentaram maior Escala de Incapacidade Funcional Expandida (p = 0,002). Observamos uma associação significativa entre os resultados da Escala de Incapacidade Neurológica de Guy e Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida Funcional com a presença de fadiga (valores de p < 0,05). Conclusão: O grau de comprometimento funcional, mas não a função respiratória e os marcadores inflamatórios, são determinantes para a presença de fadiga em pacientes com EM.

Quanto tempo de oclusão é necessário para avaliar a pressão inspiratória máxima pelo método da válvula expiratória unidirecional em sujeitos sem via aérea artificial? / ¿Cuánto tiempo de oclusión es necesario para evaluar la presión inspiratoria máxima por el método de la válvula espiratoria unidireccional en sujetos sin vía aérea artificial? / How much occlusion time is necessary to assess maximal inspiratory pressure by the unidirectional expiratory valve method in subjects without artificial airway?

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar o tempo de oclusão necessário para avaliar a pressão inspiratória máxima (PIMáx) obtida pelo método da válvula expiratória unidirecional em sujeitos sem via aérea artificial. Foram avaliados 31 sujeitos, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos. A PIMáx foi avaliada pelo método convencional (PIMáxconv) e pelo método da válvula expiratória unidirecional (PIMáxuni), sendo a ordem de avaliação definida por meio de sorteio. Para a medida da PIMáxuni, um manovacuômetro digital foi acoplado a uma válvula expiratória unidirecional e máscara orofacial por 20 segundos de oclusão. Nesse período, todos os sujeitos foram encorajados a realizar esforços inspiratórios máximos. Para definir a ótima duração da manobra, o tempo de esforço foi dividido a cada intervalo de 5 segundos (0-5s, 0-10s, 0-15s, 0-20s). Os intervalos de tempo para obtenção da PIMáxuni foram comparados por meio do teste de ANOVA One-way. Para comparação das médias dos valores de PIMáxconv e PIMáxuni, foi utilizado o teste t de Student. O nível de significância foi de 5%. A média dos valores da PIMáxconv foi de -102,5±23,9 cmH2O, enquanto que a PIMáxuni foi de -117,3±24,8 cmH2O (p<0,001). O valor absoluto máximo da PIMáxuni foi alcançado dentro do intervalo de 0-20 segundos, que foi significativamente superior ao valor absoluto máximo obtido nos primeiros 5 segundos (p=0,036). O tempo de oclusão necessário para avaliar a PIMáx pelo método da válvula expiratória unidirecional em sujeitos colaborativos sem via aérea artificial deve ser de pelo menos 20 segundos.

RESUMEN Este estudio busca determinar cuánto tiempo de oclusión es necesario para obtener la presión inspiratoria máxima (PIMáx) por medio del método de la válvula espiratoria unidireccional en individuos sin vía aérea artificial. Se evaluaron 31 sujetos de entre 18 y 60 años de edad. La PIMáx se evaluó mediante el método estándar (PIMáxest) y el método de válvula espiratoria unidireccional (PIMáxuni), siendo que el orden de evaluación se estableció por medio de un sorteo. Para el PIMáxuni, un manovacuómetro digital se ha conectado a una válvula espiratoria unidireccional y una máscara orofacial durante 20 segundos de oclusión. Durante este período, se alentó a los individuos a hacer esfuerzos respiratorios máximos. Para definir la óptima duración de la maniobra, el tiempo de esfuerzo se dividió en intervalos de cinco segundos (0-5s, 0-10s, 0-15s, 0-20s). Los intervalos del tiempo para el PIMáxuni se compararon mediante la prueba ANOVA one-way. Las medias de los valores de PIMáxest y de PIMáxuni se compararon mediante la prueba pareada t de Student. El nivel de significancia se estableció en el 5%. La media de los valores de PIMáxest (-102,5±23,9 cmH2O) presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en comparación con la media de los valores de PIMáxuni (-117,3±24,8 cmH2O, p<0,001). El valor absoluto máximo obtenido de PIMáxuni estaba dentro del intervalo de 0-20 segundos, que fue significativamente superior del valor absoluto máximo durante los primeros 5 segundos (p=0,036). El tiempo de oclusión necesario para registrar la PIMáx por el método de válvula espiratoria unidireccional en individuos colaborativos sin vía aérea artificial debe ser de al menos 20 segundos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine how much occlusion time is necessary to obtain maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) by the unidirectional expiratory valve method in subjects without artificial airway. Thirty-one subjects aged 18-60 years were evaluated. MIP was evaluated by the standard method (MIPstan) and by the unidirectional expiratory valve method MIPuni, with the order of evaluation determined randomly by lot. For MIPuni measurement, a digital vacuum manometer was attached to a unidirectional expiratory valve and an orofacial mask for 20 seconds of occlusion. During this period, all subjects were encouraged to make maximal respiratory efforts. To define the optimum duration of the maneuver, the 20 seconds of effort were partitioned at every five-second interval (0-5s, 0-10s, 0-15s, 0-20s). The time intervals for obtaining MIPuni were compared with the one-way ANOVA test. The mean values of the standard method and the unidirectional expiratory valve method were compared using the paired Student's t-test. The significance level was established at 5%. The mean values for the MIPstan (-102.5±23.9 cmH2O) presented a statistically significant difference as compared to the mean values for MIPuni (-117.3±24.8 cmH2O; p<0.001). Maximal peak values for MIPuni were achieved within the 20-second time window, which differed significantly from the peak values obtained during the first five seconds (p=0.036). The occlusion time necessary to record MIP by the unidirectional expiratory valve method in collaborative subjects without artificial airway should be of at least 20 seconds.

Desempenho muscular respiratório após 12 sessões de treinamento utilizando o aparelho Reformer do método Pilates / Rendimiento muscular respiratorio después de 12 sesiones de entrenamiento utilizando el aparato Reformer del método Pilates / Respiratory muscle performance after 12 sessions of training using the apparatus Reformer of Pilates method

RESUMO Analisar o desempenho muscular respiratório em praticantes de exercícios utilizando o aparelho Reformer do Método Pilates após um treinamento de 12 sessões. O estudo foi realizado com 24 voluntárias, adultas jovens, saudáveis, não tabagistas e não praticantes de exercício físico regular, divididas em Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Treinado (GT). Os dois grupos foram submetidos às avaliações inicial e final para análise do desempenho dos músculos respiratórios por meio da manovacuometria e da eletromiografia do músculo reto abdominal. Utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para verificar a normalidade dos dados. A análise de variância two-way foi empregada para as comparações entre os grupos (GT e GC) e os momentos (inicial e final). Para comparações múltiplas, utilizou-se o teste post-hoc de Scheffé. Os GC e GT foram pareados para idade e IMC e, para verificação de diferenças entre os grupos, utilizou-se o teste t pareado. Considerou-se p<0,05 para significância. Houve diferença significante (p=0,039) entre os valores iniciais (116,6 ± 12,8) e finais (120 ± 12,8) de PImáx no GT, assim como entre os valores iniciais (75,3 ± 12,4) e finais (89,3 ± 13,7) de PEmáx nesse mesmo grupo (p=0,0005). Para a eletromiografia houve diferença significante (p=0,03) entre o momento inicial (42,1 ± 15,8) e final (76,7 ± 37,1) do GT para o músculo reto abdominal esquerdo. Conclui-se que as doze sessões de Pilates utilizando o aparelho Reformer melhoraram o desempenho muscular respiratório, aumentando a força da musculatura inspiratória e expiratória.

RESUMEN Evaluar el rendimiento de los músculos respiratorios en practicantes de ejercicios utilizando el método Reformer de Pilates después de un entrenamiento de 12 sesiones. Este estudio se realizó con 24 voluntarios, adultos jóvenes, sanos, no fumadores y no deportistas regulares, siendo divididos en grupo control (GC) y grupo entrenado (GE). El GE participó en un programa de entrenamiento ejecutando 6 ejercicios en el aparato Reformer. Ambos grupos se sometieron a evaluaciones iniciales y finales para analizar el rendimiento de los músculos respiratorios mediante la manovacuometría y la electromiografía del músculo recto abdominal. La prueba de Shapiro-Wilk se utilizó para verificar la normalidad de los datos. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza two-way para las comparaciones entre los grupos (GE y GC) y los momentos (inicial y final). Para comparaciones múltiples, se utilizó la prueba post-hoc de Scheffé. El GC y el GE se emparejaron por edad e IMC mediante la prueba t pareada. Se consideró el valor de significación p<0,05. Se observó una diferencia significativa (p=0,039) entre los valores iniciales (116,6 ± 12,8) y finales (120 ± 12,8) de PImax en el grupo entrenado, así como entre los valores de iniciales (75,3 ± 12,4) y finales (89,3 ± 13,7) de PEmax en el mismo grupo (p=0,0005). En la electromiografía, se observó una diferencia significativa (p=0,03) entre los momentos inicial (42,1 ± 15,8) y final (76,7 ± 37,1) del GE para el músculo recto abdominal izquierdo. Se concluye que las 12 sesiones de Pilates utilizando el aparato Reformer mejoran el rendimiento de los músculos respiratorios, aumentando la fuerza muscular inspiratoria y espiratoria.

ABSTRACT To analyze respiratory muscle performance in exercise practitioners using the Reformer of Pilates method after a 12-session training. This study was carried out with 24 volunteers, healthy young adults, non-smokers and non-regular exercisers, divided into control group (CG) and trained group (TG). The TG participated in a training program executing 6 exercises in the Reformer apparatus. Both groups were submitted to the initial and final evaluations to analyze the performance of the respiratory muscles through the manovacuometry and electromyography of the rectus abdominis muscle. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the data normality. Two-way analysis of variance was used for the comparisons between the groups (TG and CG) and moments (Initial and Final). For multiple comparisons, the Scheffé post hoc test was used. The groups Control and Trained were paired by age and BMI by paired t test. P <0.05 was considered for significance. A significant difference (p=0039) was observed between the initial (116.6 ± 12.8) and final (120 ± 12.8) values of MIP in the trained group, as well as between baseline values (75.3 ± 12.4) and final (89.3 ± 13.7) of MEP in the same group (p=0.0005). For electromyography, a significant difference (p=0.03) was observed between the initial (42.1 ± 15.8) and final (76.7 ± 37.1) moments of the TG for the left rectus abdominis muscle. The conclusion is that the 12 Pilates sessions using the Reformer apparatus improve respiratory muscle performance, increasing the inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength.